Home   Intro   Communication Lesson:   Contents   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   Glossary  
Grammar Lesson:   Contents   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  

Te taetae ni Kiribati

The language of Kiribati

 

Grammar Handbook

Table of Contents

1. Sounds and Spelling

a. The vowels
b. The nasals
c. The consonants
d. Nasals before other consonants

2. Dialects

3. Intransitive Sentence Order

a. Position of additional material

4. Transitive Sentence Order

5. Interrogatives - Part 1

a. yes - no questions
b. negative questions
c. tag questions
d. tiaki

6. Interrogatives Part 2 - Who, Whose

a. antai - who
b. antena - whose

7. Interrogatives - Part 3 - What, How Many

a. teraa - what
b. raa - what, which?
c. iraua - how many?
d. Notes on asking 'what'
e. Notes on asking 'the how many-th'

8. Interrogatives - Part 4 - When, Where, Why

a. nningai - when
b. iia - where
c. maiia - from where
d. bukin teraa - why

INTERROGATIVE REVIEW EXERCISES

9. Interrogatives - Part 5 - Question Verbs

a. ngaa - to be where
b. aera - to do what
c. uara - to be how
d. nakea - to go where
e. kangaa - to do how
f. rikea - to pass by where
g. iraanna - to do in what way

10. Imperatives - Part 1

a. basic imperative formation
b. negative imperatives
c. Imperatives with an(i)
d. lengthened vowels

11. Imperatives - Part 2

1. formed with na
a. first person plural
b. second person
c. negatives with na aki
2. with ke
3. taiaoka, butiiko
4. imperative verbs

12. Negatives

1. aki - not
2. tuai, tuai men - not yet, never
3. negative response to questions
a. aki
b. tiaki
c. akea

13. Nouns - Introductory

1. Nominalization
2. Possession
3. Plurality
4. Gender

14. The Article

1. te
2. taian(i)
3. te naa n
4. Person Articles

15. Pluralization

1. absence of te
2. presence of taian(i)
3. relative pronouns
4. demonstrative pronouns
5. Numbers
6. other quantity words
7. subject pronouns
8. objects
9. taan(i)

16. Numbers - Part 1 - Introductory

1. -ua
2. 1-10
3. 10-100
4. 100-1,000
5. 1,000-1,000,000
6. over 1,000,000
7. years
8. how many?

17. Numbers - Part 2 - Classifiers

1. -man
2. ira-man
3. position of numerals
a. teuana
4. tabe
a. tatabe
5. other classifiers
a. note on teni and wani

18. Numbers - Part 3 -Ordinals

1. ordinals
2. used verbally
3. distributive
4. fractions
5. approximation
6. mathematics

19. Pronouns Introductory - Summary

1. emphatic
2. subject
3. object
4. possessive
5. poss. suffix
6. relative
7. demonstrative
a. relative time
b. relative place
c. demonstrative time
d. demonstrative place

20. Subject Pronouns

21. Emphatic/ Independent Pronouns

22. Object Pronouns

a. reflexives

23. Possession - Part 1 - Independent pronouns

24. Possession - Part 2 - Suffixed pronouns

1. body parts
2. family relationships
3. intimate possessions
4. states of mind and feelings
5. positional relationships
6. nouns formed from verbs

25. Possession - Part 3 - Genitive n

26. Demonstrative Pronouns

27. Person Demonstratives

a. Neuter demonstratives

28. Relative Pronouns

a. adjectives
b. apposition
c. person demonstratives + relatives

29. Adjectives

30. Adjectives - Part 2 - Comparison

a. intensification
b. comparison
c. superlative
d. equality
e. summary

31. Verbs - General

1. Tense
2. Agreement
3. Interrogative, Adverbial & Adjectival
4. Repeated Action
5. Passive
6. Transitive Formation
7. 'To be'
8. 'To have'

32. Agent Marking

33. Reduplication

1. Usually
2. Continuity
3. Adjectives

34. Time Expressions - Adverbial

1. Demonstrative Time Adverbs
2. Adverbial Expressions
3. Auxiliaries
4. Verbs

35. Locative Expressions

1. Locative Adverbs
2. Prepositions

36. Prepositions

1. i
2. irou
3. mai
4. man
5. n(i)
6. nako/nakon

37. Tense / Auxiliaries

1. present/past indeterminate
2. a - immediate indeterminate
3. tabe n - continued action
4. nang(i) - immediate future
5. na - general future
6. a tib'a - immediate past
7. a tia n - completed past
8. additional auxiliaries

38. Conjunctions

1. joining noun phrases
2. joining sentenial structures
a. two verbs or adjectives
b. second sentence as object of verb
c. two simple sentences

39. Conditional Sentences

1. if
2. since, when
3. additional conjunctions

40. Compounding

Appendix 1. Higher Numbers - Old System

Appendix 2. Numeral classifiers

Answers to Written Exercises

Index


Kiribati page

© 1979, 2003 Stephen Trussel, ACTION / Peace Corps, The Experiment in International Living